Cartoon NOLAI co-creatieproject Slimme feedback
Cartoon NOLAI co-creatieproject Slimme feedback

Smart Math Feedback with AI: From Misconception to Tailored Support

A mathematics teacher at Lauwers College in Grijpskerk noticed that students in her vmbo (vocational secondary) classes often get stuck on multi‑step problems. Small errors frustrate them, and teachers lack insight into the underlying misconceptions. The teacher attended a NOLAI workshop, and that set the ball rolling. Since then, the co‑creation project Smart Math Feedback with AI has become a reality. This month, the first pilot will be launched in the classroom.

Building Better Math Lessons Together

The central question of this project is clear: how can we use AI to detect errors and misconceptions early on, so students receive targeted feedback and teachers know where the learning process is stagnating? For this project, Lauwers College partners with the Universiteit van Amsterdam and the Eindhoven‑based company Algebrakit, a developer and provider of technology for interactive calculation and mathematics tasks.

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Teacher in Expert Role

Project leader Thomas Winsemius: “What's great about this project is that the school’s role is fairly large. That’s very positive, because in the end we are building tools that add value for pupils and teachers.”
Co‑creation manager Karmijn Steekelenburg adds: “The school’s needs are central. And the teacher really is in the expert role within the project, and therefore has a major influence on what the prototype will look like. We are very happy with that!”

Step‑by‑Step Learning in MathTabs

The technological basis of the project lies in existing scientific insights, including the so-called SET algorithm (Systematic Error Tracing) from the University of Amsterdam. The prototype is being developed within the web-based application MathTabs, which has been available in beta form since October 2025. In MathTabs students work on mathematics tasks step by step. “The concept is that pupils can work through problems step by step in that digital tool,” says the project leader. This is essential because it is not only the final answer that matters: misconceptions become visible precisely in the intermediate steps. The development goal is a prototype that recognizes systematic errors, provides automatic feedback, guides students according to a consistent strategy, and provides teachers with insight via analyses per student and per class.

From Expert Model to Algorithm

Everything starts in the classroom: in this project, reasoning truly stems from practice. What do you encounter in your school? “You actually start with a kind of expert model of the possible misconceptions that may occur within the topic,” explains co-creation manager Karmijn Steekelenburg. The involved teacher has analyzed a large amount of old exams and student solutions, to feed the system with that data. The project team also gratefully uses the insights of the teacher, who has a very good understanding of common misconceptions due to years of experience. The algorithm then tests which error patterns are structural and which are not. This creates an iterative process in which technology and expertise reinforce each other.

Early Testing in the Classroom

Thomas: “We are working on defining misconceptions in percentage calculations. And we are now at the point where we are moving towards a first version of the tool.” As early as March, a first small-scale pilot will start, probably in two classes. This early testing phase is crucial. “The assumption we are going to test is that the application can help a portion of students along without them needing a teacher or extra external help right away, by signaling common misconceptions early on,” says the project leader. By testing the prototype and collecting data in the classroom early in the project, the team can investigate whether misconceptions are being detected correctly – and whether the model also reveals error patterns that were not yet included in the expert model.

Screenshot van het prototype dat wordt ontwikkeld in het co-creatieproject Slimme Wiskundefeedback met AI
An example of a math problem with feedback from the prototype.

Immediate Feedback for Both Student and Teacher

A key feature of the design is that it is two‑fold: both students and teachers receive feedback. Students get instant responses while they are working on a problem. “A student receives feedback right away while they are working through the task. So the student enters an answer and feedback appears,” explains the project leader. “If the system recognises an error, a concise feedback message pops up: ‘Note, you haven’t rounded correctly yet.’ Or: ‘Note, have you used the correct unit?’ At the same time, the teacher receives insight into error patterns via a dashboard. Co‑creation manager Karmijn stresses: ‘The real misconceptions—where students truly do not understand—should not be solved by the tool. In those cases the teacher takes over.’ This way, the AI supports learning, but the teacher retains control.

Screenshot van het prototype dat wordt ontwikkeld in het co-creatieproject Slimme Wiskundefeedback met AI
An example of a math problem with feedback from the prototype.

More Focused Work, Less Getting Stuck

The project investigates not only the technical reliability, but also the didactic effectiveness. Does insight into misconceptions help teachers to intervene more effectively? Does the prototype reduce stagnation among students? If teachers gain insight into the students' solution process through the AI analyses, they can provide better targeted guidance, the expectation is. If misconceptions are correctly identified and the system provides timely feedback, students will get stuck less often. And that could even have an effect on their motivation. Thomas: “That is not an explicit goal of the project. But an assumption is that a lot of frustration will be removed if a student can get immediate help from the system, so we hope to see this reflected in the tests.”

Contact information

Organizational unit
National Education Lab AI (NOLAI)
Theme
Artificial intelligence (AI)