Plaatjes van gezichten door AI gerenderd
Plaatjes van gezichten door AI gerenderd

“Mind Reading”: Creating Images from Brain Activity

By analyzing brain waves, researchers at Radboud University – including neuroscientist Thirza Dado – have managed to reconstruct, with surprising accuracy, images that test subjects were viewing. Dado will defend her PhD thesis on this topic on 30 October.

For her research, Dado used AI-generated images. ‘This allowed us to know the exact AI code behind each image. We then linked this information to brain activity', she explains. Test subjects were shown pictures of faces while inside an MRI scanner. Dado examined what happened exactly in the brain as they viewed those images. By observing which “neural code” was triggered by each AI code, and then training a decoder to link them, she could determine how specific patterns of brain activity corresponded to certain AI codes. ‘This enabled us to reconstruct quite accurately which image someone was looking at, using only their brain activity.’ 

A Picture of Your Mother 

The results were remarkable. ‘During my PhD, AI technology has advanced tremendously. Even in the last five years, the quality of reconstructed images has improved enormously', Dado says. By interpreting brain activity, she can now reconstruct with impressive precision what kind of image a person is viewing. ‘Theoretically, we no longer need the AI codes to do this. If I step into the scanner and look at a picture of my mother – an image unknown to the decoder, without any associated AI code -  I'm fairly confident that the reconstructed image based on my brain activity will come quite close.’ 

Plaatjes van gezichten door AI gerenderd
De bovenste rij gezichten zijn de plaatjes waar een proefpersoon naar keek, eronder wat AI maakte van de hersengolven van de proefpersoon.

Smile or Pose 

AI proved better at decoding certain features than others. ‘AI finds it very difficult to decode a smile, but it can easily recognize someone’s pose from brain activity', Dado explains. Reconstructing human faces from brain signals worked particularly well, which she attributes to the relative simplicity of facial structures. ‘A face always has two eyes, a nose, and a mouth. Images of nature or buildings, by contrast, belong to many more complex categories, making them much harder for AI to interpret.’ 

Inner World

Dado hopes this research will bring us closer to understanding and visualizing brain activity - potentially benefiting people with locked-in syndrome or, conversely, those who are blind or visually impaired. ‘Beyond verbal communication, this could add a new dimension to our inner world – for instance, revealing imagination or dreams’, she says. ‘Although such applications are still far in the future, it’s crucial that we develop this technology responsibly and ethically. We must remain vigilant about potential risks and misuse.’ 

Contact information

For further information, please contact the researcher involved or team Science communication via +31 24 361 6000 or media [at] ru.nl (media[at]ru[dot]nl).   

Theme
Brain, Artificial intelligence (AI)