Gezamenlijk portret Henk van Houtum en Ben van Enk
Gezamenlijk portret Henk van Houtum en Ben van Enk

Why covid policy exemplifies political autoimmunity worldwide: 'Like a city on fire and you only put out the villa neighbourhood'

The response of governments to the corona pandemic makes it clear that our current political systems are not suited to deal with global health problems. This is argued by Professor Political Geography and Geopolitics Henk van Houtum and student (now PhD researcher) Ben van Enk in an article recently published in the top medical journal BMJ.

You cannot solve a global crisis at the national level. Indeed, it is counterproductive. Yet during the covid pandemic, national governments cramped up and started hoarding mouth caps and vaccines en masse. That reaction led to rising prices (and profiteering) and huge shortages in less prosperous countries, causing a health disaster in those countries and prolonging the pandemic.

Political autoimmune disease

In other words, mainly the rich countries' reaction actually perpetuated the problem they claimed to be fighting. By focusing only on their 'own' (national) population, the virus was allowed to roam unhindered for longer and new variants developed. Variants that in turn posed a danger to the population in rich countries. So the rich countries' own-people-first defence mechanism only caused more damage in the end.

It is thus an example of a political autoimmunity as described by philosopher Jacques Derrida in 2003, and which van Henk van Houtum and Ben van Enk are now using to demonstrate the need to change course when it comes to global health policy. Their article 'The political autoimmunity of the COVID-19 response', co-authored with Annelies van Uden of Utrecht University, was recently published in the top medical journal BMJ.

In it, the researchers explain why the pandemic approach backfired. "You cannot solve global problems like climate change and pandemics on a national level," says Van Houtum. Van Enk: "What you saw happening during the covid pandemic can be compared to a city completely on fire, but only the villa neighbourhood is put out."

We happen to be born in a country that gives us a golden passport. We think it is the most normal thing in the world to travel anywhere.

Henk van Houtum aan het woord

Global second class

Van Houtum is Professor of Political Geography and Geopolitics and co-founder of the Nijmegen Centre for Border Research (NCBR). He is interested in how borders arise and how they affect our lives. Borders are not a problem in itself, it is about what moral implications they have for others as well as for ourselves, Van Houtum explains.

"When it comes to access, for example. We happen to be born in a country that gives us a golden passport. We think it is the most normal thing in the world to travel anywhere. But we deny this right to others because they were born on the 'wrong' side of the border. Thus, we create a global apartheid of second-class people who can only flee undocumented."

Vaccine passports

When Van Enk, a student of migration & ethnic relations, applied to NCBR last year with an open application for an internship, Van Houtum saw a great opportunity to work with the enthusiastic student to link the autoimmunity of border policy with the approach to covid policy. "After all, in our approach to the corona pandemic, you saw that apartheid back again, for example with the vaccine passports. We were admitting people from one country and not from another."

"In my studies, I dealt a lot with integration issues and topics such as discrimination," Van Enk says. "I found Henk's work interesting because he approaches themes from a critical perspective. I wanted to learn that too." 

What that critical perspective entails? "It involves questioning assumptions underlying the status quo," Van Houtum explains. "Borders are never self-evident or natural, so a permanent critical perspective is needed to question normative assumptions and explore their implications.”

This way, you can count your fingers on it that if another pandemic breaks out later, exactly the same things will go wrong.

Ben van Enk op brug

Indictment of the political system

Van Enk considered the policies of national governments regarding the corona pandemic from the concept of responsible governance. "Which this clearly was not. National, isolationist policies do not work when fighting a global pandemic."

Van Enk and Van Houtum's article reads like an indictment of the political system. They sound the alarm and make immediate recommendations. "First of all, it needs to be talked about openly by policymakers," van Houtum says. "It is very strange that it is not being discussed at all now." Van Enk nods. "This way, you can count your fingers on it that if another pandemic breaks out later, exactly the same things will go wrong."

Hippocratic Oath

The way in which politicians and experts should discuss the subject is also clear as far as the two are concerned. They use the Hippocratic Oath that medics have to take as a guide. Van Houtum: "In this oath they promise to take care of the health of their fellow human beings to the best of their ability, regardless of nationality or wealth. So in the case of pandemic control, that is absolutely not what happened."

"Solidarity beyond national borders in the face of a global crisis is not a frill or a luxury, but a necessity," he continued. "Because even if you are someone who does not want to show solidarity with other countries and believes in 'own people first', global cooperation is the best solution. We are connected as humanity, a global fire does not stop at the border."

Text: Pim Muller

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