Seeing eye to eye? Bystanders' role in discrimination

Ethno-racial discrimination is widespread in the Netherlands, yet surprisingly little is known about whether and how bystanders identify and respond to such discrimination. This project investigates the diverse interpretations of discrimination held by bystanders and examines how these shape the ways bystanders challenge or enable discrimination, like confronting perpetrators, reporting incidents and supporting anti-discrimination policies. Specific attention is given to the pivotal role of situational differences, such as power (a)symmetry between perpetrator and target. By employing a mixed-methods design – combining experimental, survey and qualitative data – this project provides critical insights to improve policy efforts aiming to combat discrimination