Mapping the gene pattern
Mulder has been using single cell technology for about eight years now. Before that time, it was possible to map the DNA of a group of cells, but to know exactly what happens, individual cells need to be mapped.
"With single cell technology, we can measure which genes are 'on' and which are 'off' in each individual cell. By mapping cells with the same gene pattern, you can very precisely distinguish between tumor cells and normal cells and also identify the defect in the tumor cells. With that knowledge, you can look for a way to influence the defect in those cells."
Collecting tissue
How does such research work in practice? "It's quite complex," Mulder thinks. "In addition to knowledge of biology, you also need chemistry." He describes the single cell technology in steps.
"The first step is to collect tissue, or a biopsy. The second step is that in the laboratory, we break down all the intercellular connections between cells with enzymes. This creates a fluid with individual cells. These then go into a machine, where each cell is placed in a tiny droplet of water. Each droplet is actually a separate reaction vessel, allowing us to determine in tens of thousands of cells at the same time which genes are on or off."
Measuring dozens of proteins
"As one of the few groups in the world, we can also combine this with measuring dozens of proteins in each cell," Mulder explains. "Then, using the computer and special search and selection software, we look for proteins and genes that help a tumor cell survive treatment."
Theory and practice
Mulder's research group currently consists of six people and works interdisciplinary with other departments at the university and in the hospital.
"In single cell research, different research directions are involved, as is the case with any scientific research. Our team includes biologists, chemists, data analysts, and laboratory analysts. These are both university-educated individuals as well as those with vocational and technical education. The strength of the team lies in the close collaboration between those with theoretical and practical training."
Better results
Klaas Mulder expects that single cell research will lead to better results in the treatment of certain types of cancer and immune disorders in the future.
"Although it will still take at least ten years before the research leads to initial results in patient care."
This article was previously published on TechGelderland.nl
Photo: Linda Verweij
