Section 1. General rules relating to the PhD thesis

Article 4.1. The PhD thesis

1. The PhD thesis is a treatise consisting of:
   a. an academic component; and
   b. a non-academic component.
2. The PhD thesis must comply with the rules set out in this chapter.

Article 4.2. Language of the PhD thesis and language-specific components

1. The PhD thesis will be written in Dutch or in English.
2. If the PhD thesis is written in Dutch, it needs to include a translation of the title and a summary of the content in English. A supplemental summary in a different language is permitted.
3. If the PhD thesis is written in English, it must include at least a summary in Dutch.
4. The title page needs to always be in Dutch, regardless of the language of the PhD thesis title.
5. The summary referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 is short and concise and contains a maximum of 350-400 words.
6. After written permission from the chair of the Doctorate Board, an exception can be made to the language requirements referred to in paragraphs 1 to 5.